Abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and nutritional value of red and white guava fruit (Psidium guajava) grown in Sudan Significant differences (P<0.05) was observed between the two varieties in weight (71.68, 59.69 g), diameter (4.50, 3.73 cm) and level of water content (83.01, 81.37 %) for white and red guava fruit , respectively . chemical composition tests were also. carried out for the two varieties .it was observed that the highest level of vitamin C was that of the white one (250.77) mg|100g compared to the red (190.69 mg/100g) however, the highest level of the total and reducing sugar was estimated in red variety (8.88, 8.43 %) ,while the white one was (8.43, 7.05 %) respectively. In general, the two varieties were found rich in potassium (38.23, 37.29 mg/100g), sodium (17.03, 12.67 mg/100g) ,calcium (12,68, 11.82 mg/100g)., magnesium (7.22, 6.17. mg\100g ) and iron (3.66 , 1.57 mg\100g ) for white and red guava fruits, respectively. Keywords: Guava ,Physicochemical characteristics , Nutritional value.

Abstract: A field experiment was carried out for two year (June- April 2009 and 2010) at New Delhi in a sandy loam soil to assess the impact of phosphorus (0, 13.2 and 26.4 kg/ha) and nitrogen (0, 30 kg at sowing, 15 kg each at sowing and flowering and 30 kg at flowering in sub-plots) fertilization on seed production of dhaincha was studied in a split plot design with three replications. The residual effects N and P fertilizers were studied on wheat crop that received 60 and 120 kg/ha N fertilizer. Significantly higher yield of dhaincha, wheat, system and net returns were recorded with 26.4 kg P/ha fertilization of dhaincha. Application of entire N at sowing proved promising for dhaincha seed yield (1.34 t/ha) that however failed to exert any influence on yield of succeeding wheat and the system. Wheat crop responded to 120 kg/ha N fertilization directly. Interaction of N and P fertilization indicated that dhaincha crop receiving N at sowing responded to P fertilization up to 13.2 kg while no N fertilized or N fertilized crop at flowering stage responded to 26.4 kg P application. The interaction effects were found non-significant in wheat and on the system. Keywords: Dhaincha, Economics, Nitrogen, Nutrient uptake, Phosphorus, Wheat.

Abstract: Non-wood forest products (NWFPs) have received high attention since they have important usages throughout the world during the last few years, and Forest fruits are one of which. The objectives of this work were directed towards the study of characterization of Hyphaene thebaica L (Doum), Randia geipaeflora (Kirkir), Naucleae latifolia (Karmadoda) and Grewia tenax (Godeim) forest fruits. These fruits were subjected to physico-chemical analyses. The physical properties included colour, dimensions, weight and percentages of edible part, seeds and peels, as well as figures and colours. However, the edible portions were analyzed for moisture, crude protein, fats, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrates and energy value, in addition, to sugars, ascorbic acid, ß-carotene and pectin. The fruits showed that they have good quantities of C. protein, C. fibre and ash. As well as, they contain high percentages of carbohydrates and excellent quantities of ascorbic acid of 156.25, 153.9, 76.33 and 63.64 mg/100g for Randia geipaeflora, Naucleae latifolia, Grewia tenax and Hyphaene thebaica L, respectively. The Naucleae latifolia and Randia geipaeflora contain adequate amounts of ß-carotene of 178.45 and 115.61 IU vitamin A/100 g, respectively. On the other hand, high values of energy were obtained by these fruit, which ranged from 310 to 372 Kcal/100g. Keywords: famines, forest fruits, indigenous, non-wood forest products.

Abstract: Different insecticides and papaya leaf extract were studied for their toxicity and insecticidal activity to mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi). The insecticide Lambda-Cyhalothrin showed higher toxicity with LC50 value 0.57 ppm, followed by Abamectin, Imidalcoprid, Acetmiprid, Chlorpyrifos and Bifenthrin with 0.63, 0.67, 0.82 and 2.0 ppm, respectively. Insecticide resistance was not found in the aphid. Papaya extract showed a good insecticidal activity with LC50 value 87.0 ppm. Keywords: Liphis erysim, Mustard aphid, Carica papaya, Insecticides.

Abstract: In Sudan, banana (Musa spp.) is produced commercially in small scattered orchards along the Nile banks and in large plantations at Kassala. Banana cv. Grand Nain is a newly released cultivar with high yielding potential and less sensitivity to cold temperatures. Currently, Grand Nain is becoming a popular banana cultivar in Sudan, but the yields are low due to lack of proper water management and fertilization systems. This study was undertaken to estimate the crop coefficients (Kc) values for the different growth stages of banana under Gezira conditions. The study showed the calculated Kc values were found to be 0.5, 0.8 and 1.1 for Kc ini, Kc dev and Kc mid respectively, in the first year, but in the second year it was constant at value 1.2. The crop water requirement of the mother banana plant and first ratoon crops was 30336 m3/ha from transplanting to harvest. Keywords: Crop water requirement, Reference evapotranspiration, crop coefficients, Grand Nain.